BATTERY REFERENCES LINK LIST
Bill Darden
Last Updated on February 25, 2008
Web addresses (URLs) will often change, so you can use an Internet search tool like http://www.google.com/, http://www.yahoo.com/, etc. to locate the new addresses. Answers to Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) and additional information on car, motorcycle, truck, marine, and recreational vehicle starting and deep cycle lead-acid batteries can be found at http://www.batteryfaq.org.
Tip: Use Ctrl-F to find a name.
For errors or omissions, please e-mail Bill Darden at info@batteryfaq.org.
42 Volt PowerNet and Smart Batteries
Associations and Organizations
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
42 Volt PowerNet and Smart Batteries:
Bolder Technologies, (US) +1-303-215-7272
Edgar, Julian, "Good by 12-volts... Hello 42-volts!", AutoSpeed, October 5, 1999, http://www.autospeed.co.nz/cms/A_0319/article.html
Exide, (US) 479-646-4711, 1-800-523-8954, 1-800-782-7848 or http://www.exideworld.com/
Delphi Automotive, (US) +1-248-813-2000 or http://www.delphiauto.com/
Furukawa, (Japan) http://www.furukawadenchi.co.jp/
iQ Smart, (Germany) http://www.iqpower.com/
Japan Storage Battery, (Japan) http://www.nippondenchi.co.jp/, 1-800-472-2879, or http://www.gsbattery.com/
Johnson Controls Inc., (US) +1-414-524-2434 or http://www.jci.com/
MIT/Industry Consortium on Advanced Automotive Electrical/Electronic Components and Systems, (US) http://lees.mit.edu/consortium.htm
Society of Automotive Engineers [SAE], (US) http://www.sae.org/42volt/index.htm
Varta, (Germany) http://www.varta.com/
Yuasa, (US) 1-800-538-2637 or http://www.yuasabatteries.com/
Associations and Organizations:
Advanced Lead-Acid Battery Consortium [ALABC], (US) http://www.alabc.org/
Association of Battery Recyclers [ABR], (US) +1-334-566-1563
Battery Association of Japan [BAJ], (Japan) +81-3-3434-0261 or http://www.baj.or.jp
Battery and Electrical Specialists Association [BESA], (US) or http://www.besabattery.com/
Battery Council International [BCI], (US) +1-312-644-6610 or http://www.batterycouncil.org/
British Battery Manufacturers Association [BBMA], (UK) +44-20-7838-4800 or http://www.bbma.co.uk/
China Industrial Association of Power Sources [CIAPS], (China) http://ciaps.org.cn/en/news/ShowInfo.aspx?NewsID=4
Electrochemical Society, http://www.electrochem.org/
Electricity Storage Association [ESA], (US) +1-408-607-2899 or http://www.energystorage.org
EuroBat, (Association of European Accumulator Manufacturers), (Belgium) +32-2-774-9653 or http://www.eurobat.org/
Independent Battery Manufacturers Assn. [IBMA], (US) +1-727-586-1408 or http://www.thebatteryman.com/
International Battery Materials Assn. [IBA], (US)
International Society of Electrochemistry [ISE], (Switzerland) http://www.ise-online.org/
International Electrotechnical Commision [IEC], (Switzerland) http://www.iec.ch/
Lead Development Association [LDA], (UK) +44-20-7499-8422 or http://www.ldaint.org/
National Renewal Energy Laboratory [NREL], (US) http://www.nrel.gov/
Recharge, (Belgium) +32-2-777-05-67 or http://www.rechargebatteries.org/
Society of Automotive Engineers [SAE], (US) http://www.sae.org
Smart Battery System Forum, http://sbs-forum.org/
United States Advanced Battery Consortium [USABC], (US) http://www.uscar.org/guest/view_team.php?teams_id=12
United States Council for Automotive Research [USCAR], (US) http://www.uscar.org/
Zentralverband der Elektrotechnik und Elektronikindustrie e.V. [ZVEI], (Germany) http://www.zvei.org/batterien/
Books:
Barak, M., Electrochemical Power Sources: Primary and Secondary Batteries, Institution of Electrical Engineers, ISBN: 0906048265, 1980.
Barre, Harld, Managing 12 Volts: How to Upgrade, Operate and Troubleshoot 12 Volt Electrical Systems.
Battery Council International, Chicago, http://www.batterycouncil.org
Battery Replacement Data Book, published annually.
Storage Battery Service Manual, 11th edition, 1995.
Best Manufacturing Practices, Navy Primary and Secondary Battery References, NAVSO P-3676, http://www.bmpcoe.org/library/books/navso%20p-3676/index.html
Berndt, D. Maintenance-Free Batteries, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1997.
Bode, H., 1977, Lead-Acid Batteries, New York, John Wiley & Sons, 1977.
Buchmann, Isidor, Batteries in a Portable World-A Handbook on Rechargeable Batteries for Non-Engineers, ISBN 0-9682118-2-8, available online at http://www.buchmann.ca/.
Calder, Nigel and Wing, Charlie, Boatowner's Mechanical & Electrical Manual: How to Maintain, Repair, and Improve Your Boat's Essential Systems, ISBN: 007009618X, 1995.
Crompton, T.R., Battery Reference Book, 2nd Edition, SAE International, ISBN 0-7506-4625-X, 2000.
Gates Energy Products, Rechargeable Batteries Application Handbook, Butterworth-Heinemann, Stoneham, Massachusetts, 1992, ISBN 0-7506-9228-6.
Interstate Batteries, Automotive Electrical Troubleshooting Manual, Dallas.
Linden, David, Handbook of Batteries 2nd Edition, McGraw Hill, New York, 1994, ISBN 0-0703-7921-1.
Lindsay, T.J., Secrets of Lead-Acid Batteries, Lindsay Publications, Bradley, IL.
Perez, Richard A., The Complete Battery Book, Tab Books, ISBN 0-8306-0757-9.
Moeller, Bill and Moeller, Jan, RV Electrical Systems.
Reasbeck, P. and Smith, J. G., Batteries for automotive use, Taunton: Research Studies Press, 1997.
Rechargeable Batteries Applications Handbook, Stoneham, Butterworth-Heinemann, Stoneham, Massachusetts, 1992.
Rivers, Collyn, [Caravan & Motorhome Books], www.caravanandmotorhomebooks.com
Solar That Really Works! Book--Caravan Edition
Solar That Really Works! Book--Motorhome Edition
The Camper Trailer Book
The Campervan & Motorhome Book
The Motorhome Electrics Book
Smead, David and Ishihara, Ruth, Ample Power, 1-800-541-7789 or http://www.amplepower.com.
Living on 12 Volts with Ample Power, 1998
Wiring 12 Volts for Ample Power, 1995
Vinal, G. W., , Storage Batteries, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1955.
Vincent, C. A. et al., Modern Batteries, Edward Arnold Publishers, Baltimore Maryland, 1984.
Dealers and Distributors:
4Unique.com, (US) please see Battery Stuff.com
Antares, (UK) +44-1753-890888 or http://www.antares.co.uk/
Apex Battery, (US) 1-800-921-4349 or http://apexbattery.com/
Bat Man UK, (UK) +44-182343-2000, 0-800-731-8581 or http://www.batmanuk.com/
Batteries Galore, (US) 1-800-966-0315 or http://www.batteriesgalore.com/
Batteries Plus, (US) 1-800-MR-START or http://www.batteriesplus.com/
Battery Alliance, (US) +1-091-843-7479 or http://www.batteryalliance.com/
Battery Mart.com, (US) 1-800-405-2121 or http://www.batterymart.com/
Battery Defender
BatteryMart.net
BatteryWizard.com
Battery Solutions, (US) 1-866-61POWER or http://www.batterysolutionsinc.com/
Batteries4Everything.com, (US) 1-800-321-0714 or https://www.batteries4everything.com/
BATTERIESareUS, (US) +1-402-224-4444 or http://www.BATTERIESareUS.com
Batteries.com, (US) 1-1-888-288-6500 or http://www.batteries.com
BatteryManitenance.com, please see BatteryStuff.com
BatteryPrice.com, (US) +1-508-378-BAT4U, 1-800-634-8132 or http://www.batteryprice.com/
BatteryStuff.com, (US) +1-541-582-4521, 1-800-362-5397 or http://www.batterystuff.com/
4Unique.com
BatteryMaintenance.com
BatteryTechSolutions.com, (Malaysia) +60-162-475201 or http://www.batterytechsolutions.com/
Battery-Web.com [SLA], (US) +1-954-746-8868, 1-877-746-2288 or http://www.batteryweb.com/
BatteryWholesale.com, (US) +1-512-869-6280, 1-800-365-8444 or http://www.batterywholesale.com/
Best Converter, (US) 1-888-828-1893 or http://www.bestconverter.com
Bohannon Battery, (US) +1-386-328-9024 or http://www.BohannonBattery.com
Car-Go Battery, (US) +1-303-296-8763, 1-800-727-4100 or http://www.car-gobattery.com/
DC Battery Specialists, (US) +1-305-758-5041, http://www.dcbattery.com/ or http://www.marinebatteries.com/
Discount Motorcycle Batteries, (US) 1-800-654-0565
Dixon Batteries, (Canada) 1-888-896-1717 or http://www.batteriesdixon.com/
Don Rowe.com, (US) +1-541-847-5782, 1-800-367-3019 or http://www.donrowe.com/
eBatteriesToGo, (US) +1-866-330-5414 or http://www.ebatteriestogo.com/
ElectricRider.com, (US) +1-785-749-0949, 1-866-807-4337 or http://www.electricrider.com/
ETA Engineering, (US) +1-480-966-1380, 1-877-964-4188 or http://www.etaengineering.com/
Giant Battery Company, (US) +1-646-703-2843 or http://giantbatteryco.com/
Harris Battery, (US) +1-330-874-0205, 1-800-367-7670 or http://www.harrisbattery.com/
Lawn Mowers and Garden Tractors.com, (Spain) http://www.lawn-mowers-and-garden-tractors.com/
Military Battery Systems, (US) +1-970-586-0660 , 1-866-807-4337 or http://www.milbatteries.com/
Motorcycle Batteries USA, (US) 1-866-654-0962 or http://www.motorcyclebatteriesusa.com/
Mpower Solutions Ltd., (UK) + 44-1382-400040 or http://www.mpoweruk.com/
Outside Supply, (US) +1-504-864-3377 or http://www.outsidesupply.com/
Pacific Power Batteries, (US) 1-800-326-7406 or http://www.pacificpowerbatteries.com/
Polar Battery Vancouver, (Canada) +1-604-294-1891, 1-800-363-3550 or http://www.polarbattery.com/
Power Quality Inc. [UPS, Wheelchair and Alarm SLA], (US) 1-800-877-7844 or http://www.powerqualityinc.com/
Radio Shack [SLA], (US) 1-800-843-7422, contact local store or http://www.radioshack.com/
ReplaceMyBattery.com, (US) http://replacemybattery.com/
Service Battery Corp, (US) +1-630-595-4244 or http://www.batteryservice.com/
Squadron Battery Company Ltd., (UK) +44-1536-408901 or http://www.squadronbattery.com/
Smith Auto Electric, (US) +1-509-453-8275 or http://www.smithae.com/
Tayna Electric Supplies, (UK) +44-1492-512085 or http://www.tayna.co.uk/
West Marine, (US) 1-800-538-0775 or http://www.westmarine.com/
WestCo Battery Systems, (US) +1-714-937-1033, 1-800-372-9253 or http://www.westcobattery.com/
Wrangler NW Power Products, (US) 1-800-962-2616 or http://www.wranglernw.com/
www.4lots.com, (US) +1-504-305-3385, 1-866-818-1699 or http://www.4lots.com
Yacht Outfitting, (US) +1-619-223-3640
YachtIQ.com, (US) +1-813-748-9093, 1-866-922-4847
Business Directories:
Alternative-fuel Vehicles, http://www.engineinfo.net/af/avd.html
Applegate (Lead-acid), (UK) http://applegate.co.uk/elec/pselect/ps_258.htm
Applegate (Maintenance Free Lead-acid), (UK) http://applegate.co.uk/elec/pselect/ps_598.htm
Applegate (Valve Regulated Lead-acid), (UK) http://applegate.co.uk/elec/pselect/ps_22766.htm
Auto Batteries (Business Directory), http://energy.sourceguides.com/businesses/byP/batP/batt/btora/bApp/autobatt/byB/mfg/byN/byName.shtml
Batteries (Business Directory), http://www.batterydirectory.com/
Batteries (Business Directory), http://dmoz.org/Science/Technology/Energy/Storage/Batteries/
Batteries (Business Directory), http://directory.google.com/Top/Business/Electronics_and_Electrical/Batteries/Lead-Acid/
Batteries (Business Directory), http://dir.yahoo.com/Business_and_Economy/Business_to_Business/Industrial_Supplies/Batteries
Batteries (Business Directory), http://dmoz.org/Science/Technology/Energy/Storage/Batteries/
Batteries (Business Directory), http://energy.sourceguides.com/businesses/byP/batP/batt/batt.shtml
Charge Controllers (Business Directory), http://energy.sourceguides.com/businesses/byGeo/US/byP/solctl/byB/mfg/mfg.shtml
Chargers (Business Directory), http://energy.sourceguides.com/businesses/byP/batP/batC/byN/byName.shtml
Chargers (Business Directory), http://www.dmoz.org/Business/Electronics_and_Electrical/Power_Supplies/Batteries/Chargers/
Chargers (Business Directory), http://energy.sourceguides.com/businesses/byP/batP/batC/byN/byName.shtml
Chargers (Business Directory), (US) http://electronic-components.globalspec.com/LearnMore/Electrical_Electronic_Components/Batteries/Battery_Chargers
Chargers (Business Directory), http://directory.google.com/Top/Business/Electronics_and_Electrical/Batteries/Chargers/
Darnell, http://www.darnell.com
Energy, http://www.energy.ca.gov/links/afv.html
Energy Plant (Renewable Energy Directory)http://www.energyplanet.info/
Inverters (Business Directory) http://energy.sourceguides.com/businesses/byP/invert/byB/mfg/byN/byName.shtml
Generators (Business Directory), http://dmoz.org/Business/Industrial_Goods_and_Services/Industrial_Supply/Generators/
Generators (Business Directory), http://directory.google.com/Top/Business/Industrial_Goods_and_Services/Industrial_Supply/Generators/
Malaysia Batteries (Business Directory), http://my.business.com/directory/electronics_and_semiconductors/electronic_components/equipment_and_supplies/
PowerPulse.Net, Manufacturer' Directory, http://www.powerpulse.net/powerpulse/resources/mfgrs.stm
Thomas Register, Batteries & Battery Manufacturers (Business Directory), http://www.thomasregisterdirectory.com/batteries/index.html
Thomas Register, Power Supply, Charger and Inverter Manufacturers (Business Directory), http://www.powersupplies-ez.com/powersupplies/0044673_all_1.html
Frequently Asked Questions, (FAQs):
Absolute Battery FAQ, http://www.absolutebattery.com/help.htm
Auto Batteries Battery FAQ [Johnson Controls Inc.], http://www.autobatteries.com/faq/index.asp
Balmer Alternator FAQ, http://www.balmar.net/Page46-faq.html
Battery Directory FAQ, http://www.batterydirectory.com/faq.php3
Battery Mart Battery FAQ, http://www.batterymart.com/battery_faq.php
Battery Wholesale Battery FAQ, http://www.batterywholesale.com/batfaq.html
Bioanalytical Systems [BAS], EC [Electrochemistry] FAQs, http://www.epsilon-web.net/Ec/faq/
Continental Battery FAQ, http://www.continentalbattery.com/service/faq.html
Darden, William, Car and Deep Cycle Battery FAQ, http://www.batteryfaq.org
DC Battery Specialists Battery FAQ, http://www.dcbattery.com/faq.html
Dektron Ltd. Battery Chargers FAQ, http://www.dek.tzo.com/chgr_faq.htm
Dueitt's Battery Plus FAQ, http://www.tatmar.net/dueittsbattery/automotive.html
The Electrochemistry FAQ, http://electrochem.cwru.edu/estir/ or ftp://rtfm.mit.edu/pub/usenet/sci.answers/sci/electrochemistry-faq/
Exide Battery FAQ, http://www.exideworld.com/faq/faq_auto.html
Harris Battery FAQ, http://www.harrisbattery.com/batteryinfo/faqs.aspx
Ibex Battery FAQ, http://www.ibexmfg.com/appnotes/appmain.htm
Interstate Battery FAQ, http://www.ibsa.com/www_2001/content/faqs/tech_talk/maintenance/faq_tech_maint.htm
Inverters (DC to AC) FAQ, http://www.dcacpowerinverters.com/faq.htm
Kennedy, Peter, Marine Electrical Systems FAQ, http://www.pkys.com/FAQ.htm
Motorcycle Batteries USA Battery FAQ, http://www.motorcyclebatteriesusa.com/pages/why.asp
Northern Arizona Wind & Sun Battery FAQ, http://www.wind-sun.com/Batteries/Battery_FAQ.htm
Odyssey Battery FAQ, http://www.odysseyfactory.com/odyfaq.htm
Optima Battery FAQ, http://europe.optimabatteries.com/publish/optima/europe/en/config/technology/faq.html
Power Inverter FAQ, http://www.donrowe.com/inverters/inverter_faq.html
Powerstream Battery FAQ, http://www.powerstream.com/BatteryFAQ.html
sci.chem.electrochem FAQ, http://electrochem.cwru.edu/estir/
Starter FAQ, http://www.team.net/sol/tech/starter.html
ThermOil Battery FAQ, http://www.batteryde-mister.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=blogcategory&id=7&Itemid=56
Trojan Battery FAQ, http://www.trojan-battery.com/Tech-Support/FAQ.aspx
Ultimate Deep Cycle Battery FAQ, http://www.wind-sun.com/Batteries/Battery_FAQ.htm
Varta Battery FAQ, http://www.varta-automotive.com/eng/index2.php?p=4&s=1&content=knowhow/100_fragen/100quest.html
Glossaries and Dictionaries:
http://www.autobatteries.com/basics/definitions.asp
http://www.ecozen.com/batdict1.htm
Electrochemisty Encyclopedia, http://electrochem.cwru.edu/ed/encycl/
Harris Battery Glossary, http://www.harrisbattery.com/batteryinfo/glossary.aspx
http://www.high-techproductions.com/glossary1.htm
IEC 60050-482 (2004-04), International Electrotechnical Vocabulary - (Part 482: Primary and secondary cells and batteries), http://www.iec.ch
http://www.mpoweruk.com/glossary.htm
http://www.powerstream.com/glossary.html
http://www.windsun.com/Batteries/battery_Glos.htm
History:
http://www.bbma.co.uk/introbatterymain.htm
http://www.buchmann.ca/Article3-Page1.asp
http://www.corrosion-doctors.org/Biographies/PlantelBio.htm
http://www.europulse.com/battery_history/battery_history.htm
http://www.monstercable.com/MonsterWired/October01/Article_PowerCells_History.htm
http://www.mpoweruk.com/history.htm
Hyperlink Lists:
BaSyTek Link Page, http://www.basytec.de/links_e.html
Boat Batteries and Generator Sets, http://www.boatowners.com/electrical.htm
Darden, William
Battery Manufacturers And Brand Names List, http://www.batteryfaq.org/batbrand.htm
Battery Information Links List, http://www.batteryfaq.org/batlinks.htm
Battery Information References Link List, http://www.batteryfaq.org/batlinks2.htm
Darnell.Com, http://www.darnell.com
Discover Circuits [Links to Battery Charging Circuits], (US) http://www.discovercircuits.com/B/batt-chrg.htm
Electric Vehicle Battery Information, http://www.madkatz.com/ev/battery.html
Electric Vehicles, http://www.geocities.com/MotorCity/Downs/4214/links.html
Just-Battery-Links, http://www.just-battery-links.com/
Renewable Energy Links, http://www.otherpower.com/otherpower_links.html
Tinseth, Phred, "Sources", http://www.phrannie.org/sources.html
Libraries:
Electrochemical Science and Technology Information Resource [ESTIR], http://electrochem.cwru.edu/estir/
Magazines and Articles:
[Note: Some magazines require a fee to read their article.]
Backwoods Home Magazine, http://www.backwoodshome.com/
Battery Digest, http://www.batteriesdigest.com/
Batteries International, (UK) http://www.batteriesinternational.com/
Battery Power Products and Technology, http://www.batterypoweronline.com/
Consumer Reports, http://www.consumerreports.org/
"Auto Batteries Price Does Not Equal Performance", October, 2006
"Auto Batteries", October, 1991
"Auto Batteries: Some Go The Distance", November, 2005
"Batteries", February, 1987
"Batteries", October, 2000
"Best Bet in Auto Batteries", October, 1995
"Car Batteries Power vs. promises", November, 2003
"Car Batteries, Some claims fall short", November, 2004
"Car batteries that last", October, 2002
"First Aid for an Auto Battery", November, 1995
"What To Buy When Your Battery Dies", October, 1998
Darden, William
"Absorbed Glass Mat Batteries", Bilge Talk, February, 2004, http://http://www.volvopenta.com/us
"Battery Safety", RV Gazette, Jan-Feb, 2006, http://www.explorer-rvclub.com/
"Connecting The Power", RV Gazette, October, 2002, http://www.explorer-rvclub.com/
"Equalizing Equation", RV Gazette, September, 2002, http://www.explorer-rvclub.com/
"How to Winterize Car and Deep Cycle Batteries", RV Gazette, Nov-Dec, 2004, http://www.explorer-rvclub.com/
"Selling Quality", Boat & Motor Dealer, January-February, 2004, http://www.boatmotordealer.com/
"Truth or Consequences", RV Gazette, July-August, 2002, http://www.explorer-rvclub.com/
"What you don't know about batteries could hurt you, or worse", Boat & Motor Dealer, January-February, 2003, http://www.boatmotordealer.com/
Dell, Ron, "Batteries Today", chembytes e-zine, http://www.chemsoc.org/chembytes/ezine/2000/toolkit_mar00.htm
Donaldson, Joel, "Battery Basics", Trailer Life, May, 1994
Electrifying Times, http://www.electrifyingtimes.com/
EuroTest 2002: Results for Car Batteries Motorwelt, ADAC (Germany), November 2002, http://www.adac.de/
EV World, http://www.evworld.com/
Galligher, William J., "First, Why Is It Called [Automotive] 'Electronics'", http://www.moparstyle.net/technical/electricalintro.htm
Giess, H., "The Operation of VRLA Lead Acid Batteries in Parallel Strings of Dissimilar Capacity or How Can We Sin?", h.giess@accuoerlikon.com
Hawkins, Tim, "Batteries: Playing Pinball with Atoms", Nuts &; Volts Magazine, November, 1995, http://www.nutsvolts.com/
Home Energy Magazine, http://www.homeenergy.org/
Home Power Magazine, http://www.homepower.com/
Landiss, Dan "Car Batteries Are Not 12 Volts", http://www.landiss.com/battery.htm
Lucius, Jeff, "Dyna-Batt and Other Sealed Lead Acid Batteries" [As Car Batteries], http://www.stealth316.com/2-dynabatt.htm
Mazda Miata Battery, http://www.miata.net/garage/battery.html
Mpower Solutions Ltd., "Why Batteries Fail", http://www.mpoweruk.com/failure_modes.htm
Nelsen, Robert, "The Basic Chemistry of Gas Recombination in Lead-Acid Batteries", JOM, http://www.tms.org/pubs/journals/JOM/0101/Nelson-0101.html
Oltman, Stu, "Understanding Motorcycle Batteries", Wing World Magazine, http://www.yuasabatteries.com/motor_battery.asp
Power Quality, http://www.powerquality.com/
Solar Today, http://www.solartoday.org/
"Solving Chronic [Marine] Battery Problems", http://marinesurvey.com/yacht/batteries.htm
The Battery Man, IBMA, http://www.thebatteryman.com/
Manuals:
Battery Technical Manual, Battery Council International, http://www.batterycouncil.org/,Chicago, 1998.
First National Battery Training Manual, First National Battery, http://www.battery.co.za/download/dl/AutoTrainMan.pdf
Hawker Standby Batteries Technical Manual, http://www.hawker-batteries.com/product/content/pdf/product65.pdf
USABC EV Battery Test Procedures, http://www.uscar.org/
USEnet Newsgoups:
USEnet Newsgroups maybe accessed from your browser by using:
http://groups.google.com/groups?hl=en&group=xxxx.xxxx
where xxxx.xxxx is the name of the the Newsgroup.
The astrick below denotes a wildcard and that there are several newsgroups beginning with the same name, for example, rec.autos.* means rec.autos.tech, rec.autos.driving, rec.autos.toyota, rec.autos.bmw, etc.
alt.autos.*
alt.cars.*
alt.energy.homepower
alt.energy.renewable
alt.motorcycles.*
alt.solar.photovoltaic
aus.cars.*
aus.sport.*
misc.consumers.*
misc.handicap
rec.audio.car
rec.autos.*
rec.autos.makers.*
rec.autos.tech
rec.boats.*
rec.motorcycles.*
rec.outdoors.*
rec.outdoors.rv-travel
rec.radio.*
rec.sport.*
sci.chem.electrochem
sci.chem.electrochem.battery
sci.electronics.*
uk.d-i-y
uk.rec.*
uk.rec.cars.*
uk.rec.cars.maintenance
Primers and Handbooks:
Ample Power, http://www.amplepower.com/primer/index.html
Battery Training Guide, Exide Corporation, Reading,PA.
Department of Energy, Primer on Lead-Acid Storage Batteries,, 1995, http://tis.eh.doe.gov/techstds/standard/hdbk1084/hdbk1084.pdf or http://www.tpub.com/content/doe/hdbk1084/index.htm
Guide Document for the Selection and Procurement of Lead-Acid Storage Batteries, Revision 2, July 1, 1993, University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.
Lead-Acid Batteries, Best Manufacturing Practices, NAVSO P-3676, http://www.bmpcoe.org/library/books/navso%20p-3676/index.html
SAND80-7022, Handbook for Battery Energy Storage in Photovoltaic Power Systems Final Report, November 1979, Bechtel National Inc., San Francisco, California.
SAND81-7135, August 1981, Handbook of Secondary Storage Batteries and Charge Regulators in Photovoltaic Systems Final Report, Exide Management and Technology Company, Yardley, Pennsylvania.
Scheidler, Ralph E., Introduction to Batteries and Charging Systems, http://www.surepower.com/pdf/ebr_int.pdf
Sullivan, Kevin R., 12-volt Lead Acid BATTERY BASICS, http://www.autoshop101.com/trainmodules/batteries/101.html
Sullivan, Kevin R., BATTERY SERVICE, http://www.autoshop101.com/trainmodules/batservice/101.html
Safety:
American National Standards Institute/Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers [ANSI/IEEE], (US) http://www.ieee.org/
450-2002, IEEE Recommended Practice for Maintenance, Testing, and Replacement of Vented Lead-Acid Batteries for Stationary Applications
484-1987, IEEE Recommended Practice for Installation Design and Installation of Large Lead Storage Batteries for Generating Stations and Substations
1188-1996, IEEE Recommended Practice for Maintenance, Testing, and Replacement of Valve Regulated Lead-Acid, (VRLA) Batteries for Stationary Applications
CCB Industrial Battery Co., Battery Safety, http://www.battery-oem.com/tech/battery-safety.htm
Darden, William, "Battery Safety", RV Gazette, Jan-Feb, 2006, http://www.explorer-rvclub.com/
DOE-STD-3003-94, Backup Power Sources for DOE Facilities, U.S. Department of Energy, http://www.doe.gov/
International Electrotechnical Commission [IEC], (Switzerland) http://www.iec.ch
60086-5 (2001-01), Safety of batteries with aqueous electrolyte
60335-2-29 (1994), Household and similar electrical appliances - Safety - (Part 2-29: Particular requirements for battery chargers)
TR 61430 (1997-10), Secondary cells and batteries - Test methods for checking the performance of devices designed for reducing explosion hazards - Lead-acid starter batteries
MPower Solutions Ltd., Battery Safety, (UK) http://www.mpoweruk.com/safety.htm
National Fire Protection Assocation [NFPA], (US) http://www.nfpa.org/
70: National Electrical Code, 2005 Edition, Sections 503 and 505
70E: Electrical Safety in the Workplace, 2004 Edition
111: Standard for Stored Electrical Energy Emergency and Standby Power Systems, 1989 Edition
Occupational Safety and Health Administration [OSHA]
Standards for Personal Protective Equipment, 29 CFR 1910.132
Standards for Hazardous Locations, 29 CFR 1910.307
Standards for Medical Services and First Aid, 29 CFR 1910.151
Standards for Powered Industrial Trucks (Forklits), 29 CFR 1910.178
Standards for Overhead and Gantry Cranes, 29 CFR 1910.179
Underwriters Labatories [UL], (US) +1-847-272-8800 or http://www.ul.com/
1310: Safety of Class 2 Power Supplies, AC Adapters and Battery Chargers - Testing
2054: Safety Requirements for Household and Commercial Batteries
Vaughan, Ray, Battery Safety, (China) http://www.rayvaughan.com/battery_safety.htm.
Standards:
American National Standards Institute/Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers [ANSI/IEEE], (US) http://www.ieee.org/
450-2002, IEEE Recommended Practice for Maintenance, Testing, and Replacement of Vented Lead-Acid Batteries for Stationary Applications
484-1987, IEEE Recommended Practice for Installation Design and Installation of Large Lead Storage Batteries for Generating Stations and Substations
485-1983, IEEE Recommended Practice for Sizing Large Lead Storage Batteries for Generating Stations and Substations
535-1986, IEEE Standard for Qualification of Class IE Lead Storage Batteries for Nuclear Power Generating Substations
944-1986, IEEE Recommended Practice for the Application and Testing of Uninterruptible Power Supplies for Generating Stations
1106-1995, IEEE Recommended Practice for Maintenance, Testing, and Replacement of Nickel-Cadmium Batteries for Stationary Applications
1115-1992, IEEE Recommended Practice for Sizing Nickel-Cadmium Batteries for Stationary Applications
1184-1994, IEEE Recommended Guide for Selection and Sizing Batteries for Uninterruptable Power Supply, (UPS)
1188-1996, IEEE Recommended Practice for Maintenance, Testing, and Replacement of Valve Regulated Lead-Acid, (VRLA) Batteries for Stationary Applications
1189-1996, IEEE Recommended Guide for Selection of Valve Regulated Lead-Acid, (VRLA) Batteries for Stationary Applications
Battery Council International [BCI], (US) +1-312-644-6610 or http://www.batterycouncil.org/
BCI Battery Technical Manual (automotive lead-acid battery test procedures)
BCI Battery Service Manual (general information about manufacturing and using automotive batteries)
BCI Test Specifications (small deep cycling batteries, deep cycle marine/RV batteries, batteries for golf cars, floor maintenance machinery, etc.)
British Standards [BS], (UK) please see European Committee for Standarization (CEN)
DOE-STD-3003-94, Backup Power Sources for DOE Facilities, U.S. Department of Energy, http://www.doe.gov/
European Committee for Standardization [CEN], (Belgium) +32-2-550-0811 or http://www.cenorm.be/
BS EN 1175-1:1998, Safety of industrial trucks. Electrical requirements. General requirements for battery powered trucks
BS EN 45510-2-3:2000, Guide for the procurement of power station equipment. Electrical equipment. Stationary batteries and chargers
BS EN 50272-2:2001, Safety requirements for secondary batteries and battery installations. Stationary batteries
BS EN 50342:2001, Lead-acid starter batteries. General requirements, methods of test and numbering
BS EN 60095-1:1993, Lead-acid starter batteries. General requirements and methods of test
BS EN 60095-2:1993, Lead-acid starter batteries. Dimensions of batteries and dimensions and marking of terminals
BS EN 60095-4:1993, Lead-acid starter batteries. Dimensions of batteries for heavy commercial vehicles
BS EN 60254-2:1997, Lead-acid traction batteries. Dimensions of cells and terminals and marking of polarity on cells
BS EN 60896-11:2003, Stationary lead-acid batteries. General requirements and methods of test. Vented types. General requirements and methods of tests
BS EN 61056-1:2003, Portable lead-acid cells and batteries (valve-regulated types). General requirements, functional characteristics. Methods of test
BS EN 61056-2:2003, Portable lead-acid cells and batteries (valve-regulated types). Dimensions, terminals and marking
International Electrotechnical Commission [IEC], (Switzerland) http://www.iec.ch
60050-482 (2004-04), International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (Part 482: Primary and secondary cells and batteries)
60086-5 (2005-04), Primary batteries (Part 5: Safety of batteries with aqueous electrolyte)
60092-305 (2000-01), Electrical installations in ships (Part 305: Equipment - Accumulator [storage] batteries)
60095-1 (2000-12), Lead-acid starter batteries (Part 1: General requirements and methods of test)
60095-2 (1993-06), Lead-acid starter batteries (Part 2: Dimensions of batteries and dimensions and marking of terminals)
60095-4 (1996-02), Lead-acid starter batteries (Part 4: Dimensions of batteries for heavy trucks)
60130-3 (1965-01), Connectors for frequencies below 3 MHz (Part 3: Battery connectors)
60130-17 (1998-02), Connectors for frequencies below 3 MHz (Part 17: Detailspecification for interconnection devices which permit multi-directional mating, for use with rechargeable batteries)
60254-1 (2005-04), Lead-acid traction batteries (Part 1: Dimensions of batteries and dimensions and marking of terminals)
60254-2 (2000-11), Lead-acid traction batteries (Part 2: Dimensions of batteries and dimensions and marking of terminals)
60335-2-29 (2004-12), Battery chargers (Part 2-29: Particular requirements for battery chargers)
60896-11 (2002-12), Stationary lead-acid batteries (Part 11: Vented types - General requirements and methods of test)
60896-12 (2004-02), Stationary lead-acid batteries (Part 12: Vented types - Electrolyte and topping up)
60896-21 (2004-02), Stationary lead-acid batteries (Part 21: Valve regulated types - Methods of test)
60896-22 (2004-02), Stationary lead-acid batteries (Part 22: Valve regulated types - Requirements)
60952-1 (2004-09), Aircraft batteries (Part 1: General test requirements and performance levels)
60952-2 (2004-09), Aircraft batteries (Part 2: Design and construction requirements)
60952-3 (2004-09), Aircraft batteries (Part 3: Product specification and declaration of design and performance [DDP])
60993 (2004-10), Electrolytes and water for use in secondary cells and batteries
TR 61044 (2002-12), Opportunity-charging of lead-acid traction batteries
61056-1 (2002-10), General purpose lead-acid batteries [valve-regulated types] (Part 1: General requirements, functional characteristics - Methods of test)
61056-2 (2002-10), General purpose lead-acid batteries [valve-regulated types] (Part 2: Dimensions, terminals and marking)
TR 61056-3 (1991-08), Portable Lead-Acid Cells and Batteries (Valve-Regulated Types) (Part 3: Safety Recommendations for Use in Electric Appliances)
61427 (2005-05), Secondary cells and batteries for photovoltaic energy systems (PVES) - General requirements and methods of test
61429 (1995-12), Marking of Secondary Cells and Batteries with the International Recycling Symbol ISO 7000-1135
TR 61430 (1997-10), Secondary cells and batteries - Test methods for checking the performance of devices designed for reducing explosion hazards - Lead-acid starter batteries
TR 61431 (1995-08), Guide for the use of monitor systems for lead-acid traction batteries
61982-1 (2000-05), Secondary batteries for the propulsion of electric road vehicles - (Part 1: Test parameters)
61982-2 (2002-08), Secondary batteries for the propulsion of electric road vehicles (Part 2: Dynamic discharge performance test and dynamic endurance test)
61982-3 (2002-08), Secondary batteries for the propulsion of electric road vehicles (Part 3: Performance and life testing [traffic compatible, urban use vehicles])
TR 62060 (2001-09), Secondary cells and batteries - Monitoring of lead acid stationary batteries - User guide
62393 (2004-06), State-of-charge measurements of battery
Japanese Standards Association [JSA], (Japan) http://www.jsa.or.jp/
JIS C 8701:1975 Lead acid batteries for general service
JIS C 8702-1:2003 Small-sized valve regulated lead-acid batteries -- Part 1: General requirements, functional characteristics -- Methods of test
JIS C 8702-2:2003 Small-sized valve regulated lead-acid batteries -- Part 2: Dimensions, terminals and marking
JIS C 8702-3:2003 Small-sized valve regulated lead-acid batteries -- Part 3: Safety recommendations for use in electric appliances
JIS C 8704-1:1999 Stationary lead-acid batteries -- General requirements and methods of test -- Part 1: Vented types
JIS C 8704-2:1999 Stationary lead-acid batteries -- General requirements and methods of tests -- Part 2: Valve regulated types
JIS C 8972:1997 Testing procedure of long discharge rate lead-acid batteries for photovoltaic systems
JIS D 5301:1999 Lead-acid starter batteries
JIS D 5302:1997 Lead-acid batteries for motorcycle
JIS D 5303-1:1997 Lead-acid traction batteries Part 1: General requirements and methods of test
JIS D 5303-2:1997 Lead-acid traction batteries Part 2: Dimensions of cells and marking of polarity on cells
JIS F 8101:2003 Lead-acid marine batteries
MPower's List of International Standards and Testing Applicable to Batteries, (UK) http://www.mpoweruk.com/standards.htm
National Fire Protection Assocation [NFPA], (US) http://www.nfpa.org/
NFPA 70, 1993, National Electrical Code
NFPA 110, 1988, Standard for Emergency and Standby Power Systems
NFPA 111, 1989, Standard on Stored Electrical Energy Emergency and Standby Power Systems
Society of Automotive Engineers [SAE], (US) http://www.sae.org
J180: Electrical Charging Systems for Off Highway Work Machines
J240: Life Test for Automotive Storage Batteries
J277: Maintenance of Design Voltage-Snowmobile Electrical Systems
J378: Marine Engine Wiring
J392: Motorcycle and Motor Driven Cycle Electrical System Maintenance of Design Voltage
J537: Storage Batteries
J538: Grounding of Storage Batteries, (Cancelled Nov 1998)
J541: Voltage Drop for Starting Motor Circuits
J930: Storage Batteries for Off-Road Work Machines
J1127: Battery Cable
J1239: Four-, Five-, and Eight-Conductor Electrical Connectors for Automotive Type Trailers
J1292: Automobile, Truck, Truck-Tractor, Trailer, and Motor Coach Wiring
J1320: Marine Electrical Switches
J1416: Generator Terminal Labeling
J1455: Recommended Environmental Practice for Heavy-Duty Trucks
J1494: Battery Booster Cables
J1495: Test Procedure for Battery Flame Retardant Venting Systems
J1718: Measurement of Hydrogen Gas Emission From Battery-Powered Passenger Cars and Light Trucks During Battery Charging
J1811: Power Cable Terminals
J1742: Connections for High Voltage On-Board Road Vehicle Electrical Wiring Harnesses-Test Methods and General Performance Requirements
J1766: Recommended Practice for Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicle Battery Systems Crash Integrity Testing (Work in progress)
J1797: Recommended Practice for Packaging of Electric Vehicle Battery Modules
J1798: Recommended Practice for Performance Rating of Electric Vehicle Battery Modules
J1908: Electrical Grounding Practice
J1939: The SAE specification for the CAN Bus
J2120: Personal Watercraft--Electrical Systems
J2185: Life Test for Heavy-Duty Storage Batteries
J2191: Recommended Practice for Identification of Standardized Truck and Tractor Electrical Circuits
J2202: Heavy-Duty Wiring Systems for On-Highway Trucks
J2288: Life Cycle Testing of Electric Vehicle Battery Modules
J2289: Electric Drive Battery Pack System Functional Guidelines
J2293: Energy Transfer System for Electric Vehicles
J2344: Guidelines for Electric Vehicle Safety
J2380: Vibration Testing of Electric Vehicle Batteries
J2464: Electric Vehicle Battery Abuse Testing
J2602: The SAE specification for the LIN Bus
J2622: Battery Connections for 42 Volt Electrical Systems Tests and General Performance Requirements
Tutorials:
Battery and Starter Repair, http://www.autosite.com/garage/encyclop/tocdoc10.asp
Battery Tutorial, http://www.batterystuff.com/tutorial_battery.html
How Stuff Works, http://www.howstuffworks.com/battery.htm
Lead Acid Battery Manufacturing, http://www.geocities.com/lead_acid_battery/
Tinseth, Phred, "Batteries--and Other Electrical Stuff [for RVs]," http://www.phrannie.org/battery.html
I highly recommend that you hyperlink to http://www.batteryfaq.org/ rather than republishing this document because this information will be revised periodically to keep up with the advancements in batteries and the changing resources. Revisions will be indicated with a newer date or version number. These documents are in the public domain and can be freely reproduced or distributed without permission. Attribution is always appreciated, but not required.